Research

General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper

 This is a MQ 9 Reaper it is a advance unmaned ariel vehicle used today in the military for reco missions and assasinations the us navy, airforce, army and italian army use this plane.The MQ-9 is the first hunter-killer UAV designed for long-endurance, high-altitude surveillance.The Reaper uses a 950 shaft-horsepower turboprop engine, far more powerful than the Predator's 115 hp piston engine. Beacause of the differnce of power output the reaper can carry 15 time more ordnance and cruise at 3 times the speed than the predator. The MQ 9 can fly preprogramed but the MQ 9 always has a pilot looking at the status of the plane just incase of a attack then the pilot can take over and choose to take them out of flee the scene.Weapons deployment is always controled by a pilot. 

General Atomics is a nuclear physics and defense contractor headquartered in San Diego, California and the makers of the MQ 9.
The aim of this project is to make a uav with an A.I, a plane that can fly its self and make decisions on its own if they can do this it would make protecting the country easy because pilots need sleep to stay focused they cannot stay on the controlles 24/7 but if we had a central computer that was looking over the country and we where under attack the central computer can send a few MQ 9's to take care of the problem. There is no ethical concern because this gets rid of the pilot and thus making it safe scientists think that in a few years they can make a land drone capable of firing a weapon and thus getting rid of the army many people say that drones is taking warefare to a new era.

This is a few Quotes from People talking about drones

"The US is already recruiting drone pilots from among young men skilled at computer games. Instead of flying into danger they may never need to leave the security of a cabin full of computer screens on home soil".

"Such is the secrecy surrounding CIA operations that there are no clear rules of engagement. There is “no accountability after the fact” says Philip Alston, UN special rapporteur on extra-judicial executions".

"Mark Jenkins is an experienced RAF pilot, flying combat missions over Afghanistan.  But he works from an airbase in Nevada, 8,000 miles away. “I’ve got a 45-minute drive home. And then by the time I’m home, I’m kind of straight into family life.”

"When the controls are manned by someone in a suburb of Washington rather than by someone in the field you become so detached that there’s no cost, there’s no limitation on you.”

General Characteristics

• Crew: None
• Landing Type: runway
• Launch Type: runway
• Length: 36 ft (11 m)
• Wingspan: 66 ft (20 m)
• Height: 12.5 ft (3.6 m)
• Empty weight: 4,900 lb (2223 kg)
• Fuel Capacity: 4,000 lb (1,800 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 10,500 lb (4760 kg)
• Power Plant: Honeywell TPE331-10 turboprop engine, 900 shp (671 kW), with Digital Electronic Engine Control (DEEC)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 260 knots (482 km/h, 300 mph)
• Cruise speed: 150–170 knots (276–313 km/h, 172–195 mph)
• Range: 3,200 nmi (5,926 km, 3,682 mi)
• Endurance: 14–28 hours (14 hours fully loaded)
• Payload: 3,800 lb (1,700 kg)
  • Internal: 800 lb (360 kg)
  • External: 3,000 lb (1,400 kg)
• Service ceiling: 50,000 ft (15 km)
• Operational altitude: 25,000 ft (7.5 km)

Sensors

• AN/APY-8 Lynx II radar
• AN/DAS-1 MTS-B Multi-Spectral Targeting System

Armament

• 7 Hardpoints
  • Up to 1,500 lb (680 kg) on the two inboard weapons stations
  • Up to 750 lb (340 kg) on the two middle stations
  • Up to 150 lb (68 kg) on the outboard stations
  • Center station not used

Up to 14 AGM-114 Hellfire air to ground missiles can be carried or four Hellfire missiles and two 500 lb (230 kg) GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs. The 500 lb (230 kg) GBU-38 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) can also be carried. Testing is underway to support the operation of the AIM-92 Stinger air-to-air missile.

REFERENCES 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_Aeronautical_Systems
http://christinescottcheng.wordpress.com/2010/02/08/civilian-casualties-and-the-ethics-of-drones/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper
http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/predator/
http://defense-update.com/products/p/predatorB.htm
http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/MQ-9-Reaper-The-First-Operational-UCAV-05021/

 Write a report about the use of TWO clearly different types of robots in different situations. Make sure you fully cite and reference all your sources. For each of the two case studies identify which of the five parts of a typical robot is the most important for the specific scenario.

Dante II

This is a robot used to explore where human cannot on vocanos where the tempis too high for humans it is controled by a human and takes samples of gases and rocks it is able to go down the sheer crater and collect the samples.

Dante II enables scientst to explore and collect data/samples on terrians that human are unable to go on

The most important part of this robot is the driver if it didnt have one what would get the samples and what would make it walk down the crater.

A.I Cars

This photo above is a car from the movie irobot and it is an A.I car which is a car that can think for its self scientist think that in 20 years we could have this technology 

There are many positivethings about a car that drive its self such as less deaths and injuries behind the wheele as the computer have much faster reaction time than a human does 

The most important part of the car would have to be the controller because this car is controlled by a computer and thus making it non affective but in the movie the actor will smith had the option to go to manual control which would mean that the driver would be the most important part of the car

  

REFERENCE

 Movie (Irobot)

http://lifeboat.com/blog/2010/05/ai-and-driverless-cars

http://www.ri.cmu.edu/research_project_detail.html?project_id=163&menu_id=261

Parts Of A Robot

a. Access the following website (http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/online/robots/5main/) and write down the 5 main parts of a robot and give an explanation on each, including the specific function that the part performs and what it allows the robot to do?

Controller:

Every robot is connected to a computer which keeps the parts of the robot working together
the computer is known as the controller and it can also be refered as the brain of the robot the controller also allows the robot to networked with other robots as a means of working together

Robots today use controllers that are run by programs commands written in code to almost all robots these days are preprogrammed be humans.
Some people hope in the future that AI's can take over for preprogrammed robots and then robots could fix any problem they come across

Arm:

Robot arms come in all shape and sizes the arm is the part of that has the sensors or the claw or other end piece to do thier preprogramed business
Many of the robot arms look alike human arms as they have shoulder's and wrists and evan fingers
Each joint allows 1 point of freedom so if a robo had 3 joints it can have 3 points of freedom it enables to move forward, backwards, left, right, and up

Drive:

The drive is the engine that drive the links the sections inbetween the joints if a robot had no drive it would do nothig but sit there a drive can be powered by many things a few examples are air,water,electricity

End - Effector:

The end effector is at the end of the arm it is not like a human hand but more like a claw or gripper,blowtorch some robots can change there end effertors and the programing to use it

Sensor:

Most of todays robots are blind and deaf but a sensor can change that this can help the robot in doing its job by giving it feedback.
The sensor sends back information to the robot in the form of electical signals back to its controller the sensor also gives the robot and controller info about the surrondings and lets it know the exact position of the arm and the world around it

b.     Write down the 6 degrees of freedom.

1)Horizontal
2)Vertical
3)Depth
4)Pitch
5)Yaw
6)Roll

Purpose and Use of Robots (Part 4)

b. Find ONE example of a robot that can undertake EACH of these tasks, including a name, a description of the robot and what it can do, an image and references.

Spirit, MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover - A)

This a image of one of the mars rovers it can preform all the tasks said in the question.
It is sent to space by a rocket after leaving earths atmosphere it deploys its secondary boosters and after that is over it get drifts until it reaches its destination when it arives above mars it shoots a large container device that holds the rover it is made out of a dense material which is heat resistance and thus this will leave the rover intact when crashing on mars after the rover is deployed it can preform many things one of the most used it sample taking and photo taking, after the photos are taken they send it back to earth this make take long periods of time due to the distance between earth and mars

The spirt rover is a six-wheeled solar powered standing at 1.5 m tall and weighing in at 180 kg, the six wheeled design makes the rover able to go over many rocky terrians, the rovers max speed is 50 mm a second which is 0.18km/h .
Both spirit and opportunity have pieces of the fallen world trade centre metal shielding the cables on the driling mechanisms
Spirit's onboard computer uses a 20 MHz RAD6000 CPU with 128 MB of DRAM, 3 MB of EEPROM, and 256 MB of flash memory
The rover can run up to 4 hours per martain day

Purpose and Use of Robots (Part 3)

Entertainment Robots

Toy Robots: Roboraptor and Robosapien

The roboraptor and the robosapien both are robots made for entertainment for samll kids around the ages of 8-11 it uses a remote to control its action but also it has a few preprogramed actions in it aswell both require 2 AA batteries and the remote controls require 2 AAA batteries.
The roboraptor has sensors on its head if touched it reacts depending on the setting it is on
The Robosapien mostly speaks caveman talk with uhs, ahs and 'uh-ohs'. Multiple Programmable reflexes to pickup, grab, kicks, or plays sounds

Purpose and Use of Robots (Part 2)

Domestic Robots : Asus Agait E-clean EC101 Robot

Features:
• Pre-programmed five moving patterns provide the most effective way to clean your rooms
• Photo sensor detects stairs to avoid falling down
• Stop automatically and making warning beeping when wheel gets stuck
• Easy roller brush and dust cover removal for cleaning
• Easy debris cleaning for dust bin
• 3 hours quick battery charging
• Timer for cleaning time setting
• Automatically returns to charging base for recharging when low on battery power (30min)
• Resumes cleaning when battery recharge completion
• Auto-off power when EClean is not in use and being recharging
• Remote control is fitted right on the upper cover so it doesn't get lost when you're not using it (effective distance 3m)
• UV light generates ozon to disinfect your home
• Built-in slot to put fragrance for odors removal
• Able to clean the floor under furniture
• Powerful suction and high speed spinning brushes
• Cleaning capability: 30 minutes at area of 4.8m x 3.2m
• Equipped with Ultraviolet (UV) Light for sterilization
• Built in fragrance compartment for deodorizing

This Robot can be preprogramed or by using remote control to clean your floor around your house it has many features as you can see above one of its most impresive features is its ultraviolet light that can be used for sterilization and its built in fragrance compartment for deodorizing

Purpose and Use of Robots (Part 1)

a.Find with appropriate headings, names, what they do and references;
One image each of industrial, domestic and robots used for entertainment

Industrial Robots


The Fanuc R-2000iB/200T is a rail mounted robot designed for a variety of applications such as material handling, spot welding, dispensing, part transfer, and palletizing. Delivering precision and speed, the rail mounted R-2000iB/200T is a real space saver on the factory floor and improves machine productivity up to 30 percent.

Fanuc R-2000iB/200T Robot 

Specifications

• Axes: 6
• Payload: 200 kg
• H-Reach: 2207 mm
• Repeatability: ±0.3 mm
• Robot Mass: 1080 (robot arm only) kg
• Structure: Articulated Gantry
• Mounting: sideslung or underslung
• Software: All Fanuc robots sold by RobotWorx include legal software and manufacturer software support.

Historical Perspectives of Robotics

a. When was the first actual robot invented of Robotics and used?

The first robot was a spray paint robot used by a company called DeVilbiss they specialize in Automotive Refinishing and Industrial spray finishing the creators of this robot were willard pollard and haroid roselund in 1938.

b. In 1942, science fiction writer Isaac Asimov created a set of three imaginary Laws of Robotics. What was the name of the book Asimov wrote in 1942 in which he described the Laws of Robotics?

The book Isaac Asimov wrote in 1942 was called runaround this is where he first showed everyone his laws of robotics 

The Laws Are

First: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm

 Second: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law

Third: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws

 c. What is the so-called "Zeroth Law of Robotics? Why is it called the Zeroth Law?

A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm

It is called zeroths law in order to keep the pattern of lower numbered laws being more important than the higher numbered laws

d. Propose one situation where it would be OK for a robot to harm (even kill) a human. Explain why it would be OK in this circumstance

If the robot had to make the choice of killing one human to save the life of many humans or let that human live and let all the other humans die it would be ok for that robot to kill that human a situation for this would be a suicide bomber if the robot kills the bomber many humans could die so in this kind of situation it would be ok for a robot to kill a human 

Refrences

http://fusionanomaly.net/threelawsofrobotics.html

http://www.trueforce.com/Articles/Robot_History.htm

Robots And Robotics

Robots And Robotics

Robot - A robot is a mechanical artificial agent that an sometimes relembles a human it can also be virtual it is guided by a human putting commands into a computer or electrical programing and thus is able to do its own tasks.

The word robot comes from the czech word robota meaning labour

Robotics - Is the technology and the science of a robot, what they look like, manufacture, and application of robots

Refrences
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics 
http://capek.misto.cz/english/robot.html